37 — Amount You Owe Updated for tax year 2025

What this line means

The amount of tax you still owe after subtracting all payments (withholding, estimated payments, and refundable credits) from your total tax. This is line 24 minus line 33. If you owe, you must pay by the filing deadline (April 15) to avoid interest and a late payment penalty. You can pay by check, direct debit, credit card, or set up an installment agreement.

Does this apply to you?

• Your total tax (line 24) exceeds your total payments (line 33)
• You are self-employed and your estimated payments did not fully cover your tax
• You had a life event (sold a home, Roth conversion, large capital gain) that created a one-time spike in tax
• Your W-4 withholding was set too low for your actual income

Easy to overlook

You can set up a payment plan without calling the IRS If you cannot pay the full amount by April 15, you can apply for an installment agreement online at IRS.gov/payments. For balances under $50,000, the IRS generally approves these automatically. You will still owe interest and a small failure-to-pay penalty, but the monthly payment plan prevents more aggressive collection actions. ¹ [SOURCE: IRS Publication 594 — The IRS Collection Process]

Filing on time even when you cannot pay is critical The failure-to-file penalty (5% per month, up to 25%) is ten times larger than the failure-to-pay penalty (0.5% per month, up to 25%). If you owe money but cannot pay, file your return on time anyway and pay what you can. Filing late when you owe is one of the most expensive mistakes a taxpayer can make. ² [SOURCE: General filing pattern — balance due payment options]

Watch out for this

Not paying by April 15 because you filed an extension. An extension to file is not an extension to pay. You still owe interest and penalties on any unpaid balance after April 15, even if your return is not due until October 15. If you expect a balance due, estimate the amount and pay it by April 15 along with your extension request.

Related lines on your return

• Line 24 — Form 1040 — Total tax; your total federal tax liability
• Line 33 — Form 1040 — Total payments; if this is less than line 24, the difference is what you owe
• Line 38 — Form 1040 — Estimated tax penalty; an additional charge if you underpaid during the year